【Abstract】 Objective To find out the epidemic characteristic and trend of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in 2007, and to provide the evidence for its prevention and control. Methods The surveillance data of epidemic situation of HFRS among human and its host was analyzed. Results The incidence rate of HFRS was 6.13 per 100 000 in Anyi in 2007, higher in May-June and November-December, accounting for 81.25% of the total. The silent infection rate was 21.00%, and no death case was reported. There were 207 rats belonged to 7 specie caught, of which, Rattus norvegicus was the dominant species in resident areas and Apodemus agrarius was the dominant species in the field. The rate of mice with virus was 1.49% and the species with virus was Mus musculus in resident areas. The positive rate of antibody in rat blood was 12.08%. Conclusion The HFRS in Anyi accorded with the epidemic characteristic of mixed-type epidemic area in which house mouse dominants. The incident rate rose quickly in 2007. It should strengthen continuously the surveillance of epidemic situation and carry out the measure of killing rodent and immunization to reduce the incidence rate of HFRS.